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WHEN CRUISE SHIPS WERE LINERS.

Social History and Cruise History:  Scenes from the 1930s and 1950s… when cruise ships were elegant liners.  Ships that made liner voyages trans-Atlantic, trans-Pacific, etc.  They would “cruise” in the off-season.  Feast on these photos of sophistication – of a bygone and forgotten era.


First Class promenade deck aboard the Matson Line’s S.S. Monterey sailing from San Francisco to Sydney during the 1930s.


White Tie is in order for pre-dinner cocktails in the First Class Smoking Room aboard the T.S.S. Awatea in the late 1930s as the elegant liner sails the Tasman Sea.   The two and half day crossing aboard the Union Steamship Company ship from Sydney to Auckland rivaled many trans-Atlantic liners.  Her career was brief; she was sunk in World War 2.


The celebrated shopping mall of the SS L’Atlantique.  The elegant French Line ship was the largest and most luxurious that ever operated between Europe and South America.  Launched in 1931, her career was cut short by a fire in 1933.  The mall was extremely modern for the period and wouldn’t look out of place on any of today’s cruise ships.  The ceiling has a map of the North and South Atlantic – showing the route of the ship.


The French passenger liner SS La Marseillaise is seen arriving in Marseillaise from Vietnam during the 1950s.  She was the largest and most luxurious ship operated by  by the steamship company Messageries Maritimes. La Marseillaise operated between France and the Far East. The elegant vessel was launched in 1944 in the name of Marshal Petain (who was a French general who reached the distinction of Chief of State of Vichy France during the Nazi occupation).  SS La Marseillaise had the distinction of sinking on two occasions, the first time in France before being completed during WW II, and the second time after an explosion and fire off the island of Grenada when she had been sold off for Caribbean cruises. La Marsillaise, like many liners after WW II, had many careers with various names.

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Strates Shows, Inc. is the one and only railroad carnival in the United States.

Social History: Strates Shows, Inc. is the one and only railroad carnival in the United States. The Orlando, Florida based carnival company uses a 61-car train to transport the carnival equipment and employees to fairs, festivals and events throughout their seven-month season. In one season alone the train will visit 16 different locations and cover more than 6,500 miles.

In the early 1930s, traveling by railroad was the trend of the carnival industry. It was at that time James E. Strates, founder of James E. Strates Shows, purchased his first ten railroad cars.

As the company grew and prospered, so did the need for additional transportation.

While other carnivals eventually converted solely to highway transportation, Strates Shows continued to purchase additional railroad cars.

This gradual expansion resulted in the unique 61-car train which currently travels the East Coast.

The brightly colored train is over one mile long and consists of 50 flat cars, 10 sleeping cars and a generator car. Each flat car is 89 feet in length and, when loaded with equipment, weighs in excess of 100,000 pounds, one of the heaviest cars traveling the rails today. Sleeping cars, better known as coaches, are home to over 100 employees.

The logistics involved in moving Strates Shows’ employees and equipment has developed into a precise science. A designated trainmaster and crew can load or unload the colorful train in under 18 hours.

[Read more...]

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Le Cirque’s famous owner Sirio Maccioni started as a waiter “crossing the pond” aboard the Home Lines SS ATLANTIC.

Home Lines SS ATLANTIC…

Le Cirque’s famous owner Sirio Maccioni started as a waiter “crossing the pond” aboard the Home Lines SS ATLANTIC. After achieving success, he sailed trans-Atlantic years later as a first class passenger aboard the Italian Line’s SS GIULIO CESARE. In June 2004 Maccioni published his biography, Sirio: The Story of My Life and Le Cirque with restaurant critic Peter Elliot.

Sirio Maccioni (born 1932 in Montecatini Terme, Italy) is a restaurateur and author based in New York City. He is known for Le Cirque, his award-winning flagship French restaurant and other ventures in New York, Las Vegas, the Dominican Republic and Mexico City, which are run with his wife Egidiana “Egi” and sons Mario, Marco and Mauro. A restaurant in London is scheduled to open in 2009.

To order Maccioni’s biography click here for a link to Amazon.

To visit Le Cirque’s website – learn more about the restaurant or make a reservation – please click here.

In his biography, Maccioni tells his story to American co-author Peter Elliot, food critic for Bloomberg radio and winner of the James Beard award. Peter Elliot does a wondrous job piecing together Sirio’s autobiography along with interviews of Sirio’s friends, family, and New York notables and a sound history of each landscape visited in Sirio’s journey from Montecatini, Italy to New York City.

He is the ultimate American success – a small town boy who makes good.

His experiences working as a waiter aboard Home Lines S.S. Atlantic and S.S. Homeric are a highlight.

He signed on the S.S. Atlantic to work as a waiter with other young men in the mid-1950s. They had been pitched by Home Lines to work for the steamship company because of their experience. The multilingual crew were called “the chosen” because of their experiences as waiters.

American family in first class aboard the S.S. Homeric sailing from Europe to New York. Photo was taken in First Class dining room. Waiter could have been a contemporary of Maccioni at that time.

But Maccioni and his colleagues boarded the ship to have their passports taken by a monstrous purser and found themselves hired as waiters/cheap labor. [Read more...]

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Messageries Maritimes – Passenger liner arriving from Vietnam.

The French passenger liner SS La Marseillaise is seen arriving in Marseillaise from Vietnam during the 1950s.  She was the largest and most luxurious ship operated by  by the steamship company Messageries Maritimes. La Marseillaise operated between France and the Far East. The elegant vessel was launched in 1944 in the name of Marshal Petain (who was a French general who reached the distinction of Chief of State of Vichy France during the Nazi occupation).  SS La Marseillaise had the distinction of sinking on two occasions, the first time in France before being completed during WW II, and the second time after an explosion and fire off the island of Grenada when she had been sold off for Caribbean cruises. La Marsillaise, like many liners after WW II, had many careers with various names.

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HISTORY OF THE GRACE LINE

Social History and Cruise History – The Grace Line ad in Holiday Magazine 1956 – Cruising was much different in the 1950s.  Looking at the photos, in comparison to today’s ships, you could say it was much more civilized.

Cruise History – THE GRACE LINE – In the mid 1800s, the Irish-born Grace brothers, William Russell and Michael, established a commercial and shipping business in Callao, the port of Lima, Peru. They prospered, especially in the exporting of guano from the Chincha Islands to the United States, where this fertilizer was in considerable demand.

In 1865, leaving Michael in charge of their interests in Callao, William established the firm of W.R. Grace & Co., in New York. By 1880 he had become a leading citizen and was twice elected Mayor of New York, despite opposition from Tammany. In the 1890′s the company entered the steamship business with a line of freighters running from New York to the South American west coast via the Strait of Magellan flying the British flag.

Grace’s original British-flag ships had black hulls, white painted masts and booms, and a green stack with a black top. After the First World War successors were painted grey, with masts and booms of the usual mast color. Hulls became black again in 1928 and masts and booms reverted to white in 1932. (about 1959-60 Grace passenger ships again turned to grey hulls).

[Read more...]

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THE MS STELLA POLARIS – the most famous cruise ship of all time.

Cruise History – THE LAST VOYAGE – THE MS STELLA POLARIS – the most famous cruise ship of all time.

THE MS STELLA POLARIS: A great video of the last voyage of the most famous cruise ship of the thirties, the inter war years and probably even in the history of cruising.

stella2.jpgThe ship was considered one of the most elegant and exclusive devoted to cruising. She sailed to the Mediterranean, North Cape, Caribbean and Around The World. She had no rivals.

On the World Cruise there was more than one crew member for every passenger. The time was elegant and this is great glimpse into cruise and social history.

The elegant Stella Polaris.

She was owned by Bergen Line from Norway during the first part of her career, and resembled a royal yacht, with her clipper bow, bow sprit, well deck and lavish accommodations for just 200 passengers. She was built by Gotaverken in Goteborg in 1925-26, measured 5.020 GRT and went into service in early 1927.

As mentioned, Bergen Line ordered Stella Polaris in Sweden; it was the first passenger vessel built by Gotaverken. They built the hull, and interior fittings were subcontracted to other firms.

She was launched in September 1926 by miss Lehmkuhl, the daughter of Bergen Line`s director. Sending her on trials in February 1927 already, these were so successful that the yard had no problems at all to deliver her on schedule. Instead of April 1st 1927, she was delivered 5 weeks early on February 26th.

Stella Polaris is considered one of the first “real” cruise ships in the history of cruising, being not only one of the first full-time cruise ships, but also one of the first purpose built cruise ships. For the most part, until the 1950s passenger ships were a means of transportation, and consequently, most cruise ships were passenger liners that were sent off cruising in “weak” periods, e.g. winter on the North Atlantic when passenger numbers were low.

Stella Polaris’ interiors were nothing short of splendid. There were 6 passenger decks, Bridge Deck and below Decks A to E. On A Deck, 7 life boats were placed, but she also carried two motor barges. Aft on this deck nine passenger cabins were located and the gymnasium. On B Deck: the Music Salon, Verandah Cafe, and Smoking Room were situated. One deck below, C Deck housed the dining room seating max. 214 guests, meaning all passengers could be served in one seating. On its ceiling 150 lamps formed a star. On the remaining part of C deck and the two decks below D and E, passenger cabins were located. Her most luxuriously appointed accommodations were 4 suites (on C Deck), each fitted with its own sort of wood!

[Read more...]

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THE LOVE BOAT

THE LOVE BOAT - The hit TV series was a major cultural phenomenon from the 1970s into the 1980s.  The TV show altered the style of cruising by ship. Jeraldine Saunders, a former cruise director, was the woman who revived the cruise industry with her book — The Love Boats.

“Love Boat” became a household phrase throughout the world after the success of the TV series she created.

During the mid-80s, I wrote for the very popular show. It was either in the top ten or top twenty of TV shows with major Neilson ratings.

The premise used elements of “Oh Suzanna” — a 50s TV series where actress Gale Storm played a cruise director — combined with an earlier show Aaron Spelling had produced called “Love American Style.” The added difference was the running shipboard staff along with having the major story be dramatic and not a comedy.

Ms. Saunders tell all book created a fantasy background for the show. “Something beautiful happens on a ship that doesn’t occur at a resort, on an airplane, or at a hotel. Perhaps is has something to do with the movement of the ship. People let down their protective walls and become playful. They smile and talk to strangers. It is as though you are at a private party and it’s proper to introduce one’s self. A cruise ship also works its magic on married couples who “fall in love all over again,” according to Saunders.

She certainly should be credited with turning a sagging 1970s industry into what we know today.   Saunders and the TV show changed how cruise ships were perceived and run.

[Read more...]

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The Era of the Gambling Ships & the Battle of Santa Monica Bay

The Era of the Gambling Ships & the Battle of Santa Monica Bay

1928 saw the appearance of the first of the gambling ships that floated off the Los Angeles County coastline. Although it was illegal to conduct a gambling operation in California, the state’s jurisdiction only extended three miles offshore. There was nothing in Federal law that forbid gambling, so operators of floating gambling casinos merely had to anchor just outside the three mile limit. The ships proved so profitable that, by 1930, a virtual small fleet of gambling ships lay anchored a few miles offshore from Long Beach and Santa Monica.

This did not sit well with local law enforcement and protectors of public morality who saw this as an affront to state laws. Numerous attempts were made to shut down or frustrate the operations of these ships, but gambling ship operators managed to fight off most such attempts in court.

[Read more...]

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HISTORY of the ITALIAN LINE

SOCIAL HISTORY and LINER HISTORY – THE ITALIAN LINE

ITALIAN LINE HISTORY

The Italian Line or Italia Line, also known as the Italia di Navigazione S.p.A., was a passenger shipping line that operated regular transatlantic service between Italy and the United States, as well as Italy and South America. During the late years ’60, the company was also heavily involved in cruising. It later, from 1981, concentrated her activity in worldwide freight and containers traffic service.

The Italia Genova was started on January 1, 1937, coming from Italia Flotte Riunite (United Fleets Italy), when the Italian government encouraged the merger of Genoa-based Navigazione Generale Italiana (NGI), Turin-based Lloyd Sabaudo, and Trieste-based Cosulich STN, which was previously an Austro-Hungaric company.  SS Giulio Cesare, built in 1923, in Italian Line service 1932-1937

The new company acquired the Cosulich-owned MS Saturnia and MS Vulcania, the Lloyd Sabaudo-owned SS Conte Rosso, SS Conte Biancamano and SS Conte Grande and the NGI-owned SS Giulio Cesare, SS Duilio, SS Roma and MS Augustus. The same year two previously commissioned ocean liners were delivered to the company: SS Rex, who captured the Blue Riband in 1933, and SS Conte di Savoia.

During World War II, the company lost many of its ships, including the Rex and the Conte di Savoia. Other vessels were captured by the United States and converted into troopships; four of them survived the war: Conte Biancamano, Conte Grande, Saturnia, and Vulcania.

Commercial service was resumed only in 1947, under the company’s new name Società di navigazione Italia. In addition to the four vessels returned by United States, two new vessels, SS Andrea Doria and SS Cristoforo Colombo were commissioned in 1953 and 1954, respectively, to show the world that the country had recovered from the war and to re-establish the nation’s pride. However, in 1956, only three years after she was commissioned, the Andrea Doria was involved in a collision and sank. The company was swift to order a replacement for its sunken flagship, and the new SS Leonardo da Vinci was delivered in 1960. The ship was based on the same design as Andrea Doria, but was larger and featured many technical innovations.

In the late 1950s, the arrival of the jet aircraft had not yet had a notable effect on passenger numbers in the United States – Mediterranean traffic, and the Italian Line decided to order another pair of new ships for the trade. Plans for these were already being made in 1958, but the construction took longer than expected and the ships were not completed until 1965, as SS Michelangelo and SS Raffaello. Unfortunately the ships were built too late to be truly profitable on the North Atlantic route. Although planned from the start for alternative cruising, the ships had several design features that made their use as cruise ships very difficult.

[Read more...]

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CRUISE SHIPS IN THE MOVIES – THE GREAT FILM DODSWORTH AND THE FABULOUS LINER REX

CRUISE SHIPS IN THE MOVIES – THE GREAT FILM DODSWORTH AND THE FABULOUS LINER REX…

Dodsworth features much social history and includes scenes aboard the wonderful Italian liner the REX.  Dodsworth is one of the great classic American films.   Our first story on ocean liners in the movies features the Italian Line’s fabulous liner – THE REX.  Dodsworth also used Cunard Line’s RMS Queen Mary.

Mr. and Mrs. Dodsworth (John Huston and Ruth Chatterton) are over dressed the first night out aboard the RMS Queen Mary from New York to Southampton.

Ruth Chatterton and David Niven dance the night away aboard the RMS Queen Mary.

The Italian Line’s SS Rex, launched in 1931, held the westbound Blue Riband between 1933 and 1935. The ship was elegant and had beautiful public rooms. It was considered one of the most beautiful liners in the world. The video chronicles the life and death of this great liner. The Rex operated transatlantic crossings from Italy with its running mate, the Conte di Savoia.

[Read more...]

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