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Looking at the SOUTHERN BELLE

Cruising the past looks at the streamliner SOUTHERN BELLE.

American deluxe rail travel, 1920s to 1950s, unrivaled anywhere to the present, the epitome of style, in transport, which gave travel its sense of occasion, combined with the right degree of urgency and speed.

One such train was the streamliner SOUTHERN BELLE.

A small train, with diner, observation-lounge and Pullman service ran overnight between Kansas City and New Orleans.

When the Southern Pacific’s service deteriorated in the 1960s – Santa Fe would put their passengers aboard the Super Chief from Los Angeles to Kansas City where they would connect with the first class SOUTHERN BELLE.

[Read more...]

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THE PULLMAN COMPANY IN AMERICA

Cruising the past looks at rail travel in America aboard the Pullman Company sleeping cars – when trains were truly first class and cross-country rail trips were a cruise.

ctr080601150x200.jpgFor great coverage of The Pullman Company check this issue of Classic Trains and clink on this link.

THE PULLMAN COMPANY

George Pullman was inspired by an overnight train ride from Buffalo to Westfield, New York to design an improved passenger railcar. He established his company in 1862 and built luxury sleeping cars which featured carpeting, draperies, upholstered chairs, libraries and card tables and an unparalleled level of customer service. Once a household name due to their large market share, the Pullman Company is also known for the bitter Pullman Strike staged by their workers and union leaders in 1894. During an economic downturn, Pullman reduced hours and wages but not rents leading to the strike. Workers joined the American Railway Union, led by Eugene V. Debs.

After George Pullman’s death in 1898, Robert Todd Lincoln, son of Abraham Lincoln became company president. The company closed its factory in the Pullman neighborhood of Chicago in 1955. Pullman purchased the Standard Steel Car Company in 1930 amid the Great Depression, and the merged entity was known as Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company. The company ceased production after the Amtrak Superliner cars in 1982 and its remaining designs were purchased in 1987 when it was absorbed by Bombardier.

The original Pullman Palace Car Co., had been organized on February 22, 1867, and after buying numerous associated and competing companies, was reorganized as The Pullman Co., on January 1, 1900. [Read more...]

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The Legendary Super Chief, Flagship Of The Santa Fe – Train of the Stars!

Cruising The Past welcomes you aboard the legendary Santa Fe Super Chief – the train of the stars.  Extra Fare – All Pullman Streamliner.


She came on the Super Chief.

One reason that the Santa Fe became such a famous railroad was because of its flagship passenger train, the Super Chief (and, the railroad also claimed the most streamliners in operation at one time).

The train quickly eclipsed its rivals (including its own cousin, the Chief) as the premier train to the Southwest and became so popular that it was the transportation choice of many Hollywood celebrities from the late 1930s through the 1960s.

It was also the Super Chief that inspired Santa Fe’s classic “Warbonnet” livery that is arguably the most beautiful paint scheme ever to be applied to a passenger train. Today, the Super Chief carriers on under the Amtrak banner although its one-of-a-kind paint scheme and interior designs are relegated to history.

Interestingly, the Super Chief came about because of necessity. With the Union Pacific having launched its new streamlined City of Los Angeles in 1936 the Santa Fe needed to launch its own competing premier train between Los Angeles and Chicago.

Having a direct route to the two cities (unlike the UP which had to hand off the train to the Southern Pacific to reach Los Angeles and Chicago & North Western to reach Chicago) gave the Santa Fe a distinct advantage although its first version of the Super Chief, while well planned, was not really up to par with the City of Los Angeles in that it was not streamlined and used standard heavyweight equipment.

Knowing it needed something better the Santa Fe with the help of the Budd Company, introduced the all new streamlined Super Chief in May of 1937. What resulted was a passenger train unrivaled in style, design, and luxury.

Super Chief Pullman Drawing Room – By day and by night.

Part of the train’s phenomenal success was its appeal and character. In designing the new Super Chief the Santa Fe wanted not only a contemporary passenger train but also one that reflected the railroad’s long-held relationship with Native American’s of the Southwest. To style the new Super Chief the train had an entire staff of designers, which quickly set to work bringing the soon-to-be legend to life.

Industrial designer Sterling McDonald created the train’s classic interior Indian designs and themes. Whenever possible McDonald used authentic Native American (many of which depicted the Navajo) colors (such as turquoise and copper), patterns, and even authentic murals and paintings in the train. He used a combination of rare and exotic woods like ebony, teak, satinwood, bubinga, maccassar, and ribbon primavera for trim through the train giving the Super Chief an added touch of one-of-a-kind elegance.

Everything inside the train exuded the Native American culture and way of life. However, the Super Chief’s livery also conveyed this, if not to an even greater degree.

The train’s now-classic “Warbonnet” paint scheme was actually designed by General Motors’ artist Leland Knickerbocker. Knickbocker’s livery featured gleaming stainless steel with the front half of the locomotive painted in red crimson, wrapping around the cab and trailing off along the bottom of the carbody with a Native American-inspired design (a design that would go on to distinguish the Santa Fe) used on the front of the nose with “Santa Fe” flanking the center.

For trim golden yellow and black was used. As Knickerbocker put it the design was meant to convey an Indian head with trailing feathers of a warbonnet (thus where the livery derived its now-famous name).

The locomotive that powered this new train was General Motor’s EMD EA model, a streamlined and completely self-contained diesel locomotive that handsomely matched the new Budd-built cars (themselves clad entirely in stainless steel giving the train a gleaming, “new” look).

For the most part the Super Chief remained quite popular through the 1950s. In 1951 it was reequipped for the final time featuring the Pleasure Dome lounge that included dome viewing, a cocktail lounge, and the famed Turquoise Room used for dinner parties. However, none of the upgraded equipment matched the exquisite beauty of the original Super Chief cars.

As the 1960s dawned, and as with the passenger rail industry itself, the Santa Fe found its fleet likewise in decline as passengers took to their private automobiles or the skies for faster and more convenient modes of transportation. However, unlike most other railroads which let their service slip and trains run down, the Super Chief remained an on-time, clean and regal operation right up until the end when Amtrak took over most intercity passenger rail operations in the spring of 1971.

While the Santa Fe, perhaps reluctantly, handed over its illustrious flagship to Amtrak at least the railroad could take comfort in knowing that the Super Chief, while nothing near as plush as when it was privately operated, was one of the routes retained by the national carrier and continues to be operated to this day as one of Amtrak’s most esteemed trains (although it is now known as the Southwest Chief).

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Cruising the Past in the 1920s: Travel and society in the twenties. The “Lost Generation” aboard ships, trains and hotels. Getting there for Americans was “half the fun”!

A great youtube video of Flappers…

They sailed and cruised aboard foreign flag liners that sold booze…

They crossed America aboard great trains…

They stayed in famous hotels…

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20th Century Limited – Greatest train in the world – When everything old is new again, or could be … on today’s New York Social Diary …

Ready for departure in 1947 from Chicago’s La Salle Street Station the opulent Twentieth Century is 16 hours from Grand Central Station, New York.

My latest contribution to New York Social Diary – is a profile of New York Central’s 20th Century Limited.  Considered the greatest train in the world.  Until the 1950s, this all-Pullman streamliner was the only way to travel between New York and Chicago. Stars, moguls and socialites filled the train’s daily passenger list.  Departure every evening walking down a train length red carpet from Grand Central Station was like sailing on the RMS Queen Mary.

RED CARPET TREATMENT STARTED WITH THE 20TH CENTURY LIMITED –TRAIN OF TYCOONS AND STARS THAT RAN NIGHTLY BETWEEN NEW YORK AND CHICAGO

By Michael L. Grace – New York Social Diary

Have you wondered where the much-overused phrase “the red carpet treatment” originated?

It all started with the 20th Century Limited.

It was a “Magic Carpet” high speed overnight Pullman commute between New York and Chicago as pitched in this Time Magazine advertisement.

The “Century” was an express passenger train operated by the New York Central nightly from New York to Chicago. From 1938 until the last run in 1968, passengers walked down a crimson carpet to their waiting cars. This was only done for the departure from New York. Stretching from the observation car to the engine – the football field length rug was specially designed for the Century – thus, the “red carpet treatment” was born.

Link here to read the full article in today’s NEW YORK SOCIAL DIARY and discover the background of “red carpet treatment.”

Cary Grant and Eva Marie Saint as seen in Alfred Hitchcock’s “North By Northwest.” They are dining in the Century Club with views of the Hudson River in the background. They soon would head for Saint’s Pullman Drawing Room. Sleep would be easy since the Central’s route to Chicago was “water level” – along the Hudson and Lake Erie.

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President Barak Obama’s election is partly due to the thousands of Pullman Porters who organized a union 84 years ago under the leadership of A. Philip Randolph.

captcee3b831ecc84475a9827eca22df97d5obama_inauguration_demr115.jpgPresident Barak Obama’s election as the first African-American in the White House happened because of the struggle for unionization by A. Philip Randolph and the members of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.

Randolph and the porters worked together to fight many battles and they won many victories for African-American people.

pullman-porters112.jpgThey demonstrated and personified the meaning of the word brotherhood.

These African-American men were American heroes.

Great YOUTUBE Video: Rising from the Rails: The Story of the Pullman Porter…Based on the best-selling book by Larry Tye, this high-definition documentary chronicles the relatively unheralded Pullman Porters, generations of African American men who served as caretakers to wealthy white passengers on luxury trains that traversed the nation in the golden age of rail travel.

The Pullman Company and the African-American

The Pullman Company, founded by George M. Pullman, built, operated, and maintained a fleet of first class passenger rail cars by contract on most railroads across the United States.

36advert1.jpgGeorge Pullman is credited with the creation of the first modern, comfortable, sleeping car for railroad travel in 1858.

From a small beginning, Mr. Pullman created an empire, which during its peak in the 1930′s was responsible for the construction, ownership, and operation of a fleet of over eight-thousand sleeper, parlor, club, and cafe cars. Pullman’s well deserved slogan was “Travel and Sleep in Pullman Safety and Comfort.”

iadvertmages-1.jpegThe Pullman Company was renowned world-wide for the excellent quality of service passengers received from the Company’s African-American porters.

Robert Todd Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln’s son, was president and chairman of the Pullman Company from 1897 to 1922.

roberttoodlincolntimeweb.jpgWhereas Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves, Robert Todd Lincoln lent his influential name to the notorious exploitation of African Americans as Pullman slaves. Robert’s management style was as hardheaded as George Pullman himself and anti-union.

Indeed, the Pullman Company was said to have operated the largest hotel in the world, with upwards of 100,000 beds occupied on a given night. The Pullman Company itself ceased operating sleeping cars on December 31, 1968. At one time the Pullman Company was the largest employer of African-Americans in the USA.

The Pullman Porter

2advert43266d6.jpgDuring the heyday of railroad travel, the Pullman Porters were the workers aboard the trains. They provided service to and attended to the needs of the passengers. In the beginning, the Pullman Company hired only African-American men for the job of porter. The Pullman Porters and the excellent service they provided were integral and indispensable to the rise and success of the passenger railroad industry.

satevepostss.jpgDuring the century spanning the years 1868-1968, the African-American railroad attendant’s presence on the train became a tradition within the American scene.

By the 1920s, a peak decade for the railroads, 20,224 African-Americans were working as Pullman Porters and train personnel. At that time, this was the largest category of black labor in the United States and Canada.

The Pullman Porters Union

tyeavert02.jpgThe Pullman Porters organized and founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925. The BSCP was the very first African-American labor union to sign a collective bargaining agreement with a major U.S. corporation. A. Philip Randolph was the determined, dedicated, and articulate president of this union who fought to improve the working conditions and pay for the Pullman Porters.

The porters had tried to organize since the begining of the century. The wages and working conditions were below average for decades. For example, the porters were required to work 400 hours per month or 11,000 miles—whichever occurred first to receive full pay. Porters depended on the passengers’ tips in order to earn a decent level of pay.

3601.jpgTypically, the porters’ tips were more than their monthly salary earned from the Pullman Company. After many years of suffering these types of conditions, the porters united with A. Philip Randolph as their leader.

Finally, having endured threats from the Pullman Company such as job loss and harassment, the BSCP forced the company to the bargaining table. On August 25, 1937, after 12 years of battle, the BSCP was recognized as the official union of the Pullman Porters.

muadvertse10.jpgProtected by the union, the job of a Pullman Porter was one of economic stability and held high social prestige in the African-American community. A. Philip Randolph utilized the power of the labor union and the unity that it represented to demand significant social changes for African-Americans nationally.  The Pullman Porter museum in Chicago has exhibits telling the story of the power of unity, leadership, action, organization, and determination. This story is one of ordinary men who did extraordinary things.

A. Philip Randolph and the members of the BSCP understood the power of collective work and community involvement. They improved the quality of life for themselves and made sure that their efforts improved the lives of those who were to follow. They worked together to fight many battles and they won many victories for African-American people. They demonstrated and personified the meaning of the word brotherhood. These African-American men were American heroes.

Did you know…

ransml.jpgA. Philip Randolph first planned a March on Washington in 1941 to protest against governmental hiring practices that excluded African-Americans from federal employment and federal contracts.

Randolph understood that this type of racial discrimination was the reason for the economic disparities between whites and blacks in this country. Randolph proposed that African-Americans march on Washington to demand jobs and freedom.

Because of this, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802, which banned discrimination in the federal government and defense industries in June 1941.

March on Washington 1963

As a result of the groundwork laid 22 years earlier for the 1941 March on Washington, A. Philip Randolph was prepared for the leadership role he held in the 1963 March on Washington. With Bayard Rustin as the main organizer of the march, Randolph was able to unite the many groups and leaders that comprised this national call for masses of people to take action.  On August 28, 1963, 250,000 people attended this monumental march which set a precedent demonstrating the power of unity and action. After the march, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed. Randolph’s leadership influenced many leaders including Dr. King, and Malcolm X.  So it’s significant that the cover of Life Magazine after the march didn’t feature Martin Luther King, Jr. It featured A. Philip Randolph and his protégé Bayard Rustin. While King provided the words, it was Randolph who made the words become flesh. The words, profound expressions of a desire to be free, were magnified by the masses standing before our nation’s monuments demanding to be free.

While Randolph led the movement that brought us to that day, it was Rustin who developed the strategy that was the bridge to this day. It was in his essay “From Protest to Politics” that Rustin showed us the future. He said it was time to take the power of our ideals, the strength of our convictions and believe so strongly in the power of democracy that the tactic of protesting for effective change was only a way station to becoming the change. It was Rustin who planted the seed that would sprout and grow and turn into thousands of successful leaders, from city councils to statehouses and now to the White House itself.

Visit the A. Philip Randolph Pullman Porter Museum by clicking here. 

Also visit our own “Pullman” page by clicking just below the banner at the top.

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PRSIDENT ELECT BARACK OBAMA ARRIVES ABOARD PRIVATE PULLMAN RAILWAY CAR “GEORGIA 300″ IN WASHINGTON DC ABOARD SPECIAL AMTRAK TRAIN.

President-Elect Barack Obama’s arrival in Washington Union Station today was aboard the GEORGIA 300 – a 1930s Pullman manufactured private railway car attached to the rear of the streamlined Amtrak train carrying him from Philadelphia and Baltimore.

This was not Obama’s first use of the private car GEORGIA 300 – he used it in his November campaign train.

obama_inaugurationsff_decd104_20090117141244.jpgcaptcee3b831ecc84475a9827eca22df97d5obama_inauguration_demr115.jpg

The President and Vice President elect and their wives on the platform of the Georgia 300. 

The polished blue presidential coach was the last in line, with a platform at its rear bedecked with bunting and the presidential seal. As the train passed through Claymont, Del., and decelerated for the first slowdown, Obama emerged onto the platform to wave to a gathered crowd — a moment that captured at once the long-ago era when train travel was still predominant, and the popularity of a modern-era president.

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The Georgia 300 – private car, observation lounge, dining room, bedroom. 

Obama is riding in his car with his wife — who is celebrating her 45th birthday — and daughters.

Built by Pullman Standard in 1930, as a 10-section lounge car for the Southern Railway and named General Polk. The car operated on the Crescent between New and New Orleans.

Purchased by the Georgia Railroad in 1949, the car was rebuilt to the office car configuration it has today and given the number 300. The Georgia 300 made regular trips to the Masters golf tournament and, occasionally, the Kentucky Derby, hosting Georgia governors and other dignitaries.

Declared surplus with the merger of the Georgia Railroad and the Family Lines, the car was acquired by the current owner in 1985. It has been rebuilt and has hosted Presidents Carter, George H.W. Bush, and Clinton. The car is based in Orange Park, Florida, and is owned by Jack Heard.

For information on chartering the car or a similar one President-elect Obama used for his arrival in Washington DC contact the AAPRCO – American Association of Private Railroad Car Owners. There mission is to promote the operation, ownership, and enjoyment of the private passenger railcar.


OUR EARLIER STORY ABOUT OBAMA USING THE GEORGIA 300 ON HIS NOVEMBER CAMPAIGN TRAIN…

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Obama standing on the observation platform of his campaign train.

President-elect Barak Obama earlier this year won many “railway enthusiast” swing voters by taking an all-day, 100 mile trip by train “along the Philadelphia area’s Main Line and on west to the capital in Harrisburg.” We explore this on (http://cruiselinehistory.com/) cruising the past.

Ironically, Obama rode in a private rail car where sixty years ago the only African-Americans aboard would have been the Pullman Porters or chefs. It proved to be a lucky political ride for Obama in the tradition of Eisenhower, Truman and Roosevelt.

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Obama greets supporters.

Certainly, Obama is not the first to campaign by train. Harry Truman is famous for his 1948 whistle-stop tour that covered 22,000 miles, and even the car in which Obama rode–a Georgia 300 Lounge Car–has in the past “carried Presidents Jimmy Carter, George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton.”

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Obama crosses tracks and greets the lady Amrak conductor.

But as the presidential campaigns have become more hectic and demanding, the carbon footprint of campaigning–done usually by SUV or private jet–has skyrocketed. Trains, as we’ve seen, are less carbon intensive than either SUV or private jet.

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President Truman aboard his campaign train holding up the Chicago Tribune which announce he’d lost the election – A famous journalistic blunder because Truman won!

And millions of Americans rely on trains to get to work, especially in busy corridors such as New England. So perhaps Obama was pandering to the train swing vote? Is there even such a thing?

Maybe.

It is well known defeated presidential candidate John McCain wanted to dismantle Amtrak and was anti-rail.

Amtrak has been seeing record ridership, and hitching its star to Obama’s rising star didn’t hurt.Riding along in a “patriotically decorated private rail car” Obama spread his message of change by asking people to “get on board the change train.”

Whether or not Obama will increase funding for public transportation remains to be seen, but it’s worth repeating that millions of Americans rely on public transportation to get where they need to go.

Seen in that light the voters that use public transportation may rightly be considered a swing vote helping elect Obama our next president. A friend of mine restored the following private car similar to the one used by Obama’s.

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A framed photograph of heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post as seen in the observation salon of private car Chapel Hill — this is similar to private cars used for presidential campaigns and the one Obama used.

DeWitt Chapple, Jr. restored the car in 1971.

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Chapple seen on the private car observation platform. Similar to the car Obama used for his campaign that may have won him the presidency.

Chapple retained the car’s number, but added the name Chapel Hill after his alma mater, the University of North Carolina, in Chapel Hill. It has been chartered for whistle stop tours.

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The Chapel Hill was originally built in 1922 for Post Cereals Heiress, Marjorie Merriweather Post, and stock broker and investment banker E.F. Hutton.

Originally christened Hussar, the car was used for company business and personal travel between their principal residence in New York City; their Hispanic-Moresque winter estate, “Mar-a-lago”, in Palm Beach; and Camp Topridge, the couple’s summer retreat in the Adirondacks of upstate New York. It was also used extensively for entertainment, as Post was known as a lavish hostess.

Contact the Chapel Hill website if you’re interested in chartering a private car for your own whistle stop tour of the USA!

A great story by Hugh Sidey from Time Magazine with photos of many former presidents aboard their campaign trains follows:

When Politics Rode the Rails
By Hugh Sidey – Courtesy of TIME MAGAZINE – Sunday, Mar. 19, 2000

The great American political-campaign trains were like the dinosaurs. Just when they reached legendary size and importance, they were on their way to extinction, courtesy of the airplane.

harrytruman99-48whistlestop.jpgThe greatest of all the trains ran for Harry Truman in 1948, when he clicked off 31,700 miles and delivered 356 speeches (16 in one day). Truman astonished his own political experts and the world that year by beating Republican Thomas Dewey, who was so confident of victory that he was choosing his Cabinet before any vote was cast.

73-2803.jpg“Oh, it was just great,” remembers Bob Donovan, who, as a young reporter for the New York Herald Tribune, was with Truman the whole way. “We saw this country like never before; the wheat fields, the mountains and the little towns. Thousands and thousands of people came out and gathered around the train. It was Harry Truman’s country and his kind of people. He loved it all.”

111a9804-22a.jpgTruman traveled in the ponderous and luxurious private car named Ferdinand Magellan, originally made for President Franklin Roosevelt. It was paneled in oak with four staterooms, bath and shower, and 6,000 lbs. of ice for air conditioning. The car was sheathed in steel-armor plating and 3-in. bulletproof glass. When they were out in the open, Truman liked the train to hit 80 m.p.h., and he would watch “our country” slide by while telling stories and sipping a little good bourbon–ready at each stop to “give ‘em hell” and introduce “the boss,” Bess Truman. The most famous campaign picture of all time is of a grinning Truman standing on the platform of the Magellan in St. Louis, Mo., holding up an early edition of the Chicago Daily Tribune with the headline dewey defeats truman.

3779791ufpbobehwf_fs.jpgIn truth, trains were used for political moments from their start. But in the early days, presidential candidates did not storm the country seeking votes. William Henry Harrison actually campaigned on a train in 1836. Not until the turn of the century did modern rail campaigning begin, with William McKinley and candidate William Jennings Bryan. Theodore Roosevelt devised the full campaign train, a rolling complex with living and office cars.

aalarge_pic1.jpgThe golden age of presidential train travel was introduced by Franklin Roosevelt, says author Bob Withers (The President Travels by Train: Politics and Pullmans; TLC Publishing). During his 12 White House years, Roosevelt set the all-time record of 243,827 miles by rail, most of them at a leisurely pace, wandering through America, luxuriating in the vast beauty, campaigning, inspecting Depression-era projects and, later, defense plants. Then came Truman with a political purpose and his Missouri determination.

The airplane was what did in the campaign train, but television played a role–and so did the shifting U.S. population. “Trains used to come to the front door of America,” says Bill Withuhn, an authority on trains at the Smithsonian. “Now they go to the backyards.” Depots are shuttered; junkyards and weed patches and winos too often greet the rail traveler.

cctfdr1938laspeechlat.jpgEvery candidate since Truman has had a train ride or two, but most of those have been nostalgic photo ops designed to relieve the monotony of modern airports, programmed motorcades and polished television studios. Lady Bird Johnson led a first ever First Lady’s whistle-stop through the South for four days in 1964. There have been no follow-ups.

The stories of train campaigning will grow with each retelling. A few political veterans recall Tom Dewey’s blurting into an open mike when his train lurched backward that he must have “a lunatic engineer.” The New York Times’s Scotty Reston ended his account of that particular incident with this line: “And then the train took off with a jerk.”

Theodore Roosevelt once lifted a lagging but sprinting reporter aboard a departing train amid much laughter and cheering. Woodrow Wilson came back to his car to spy a couple of hobos hanging under it. Wilson invited them to ride inside with him. Over-awed, the tramps declined, suggesting that the President had more important concerns.

George Elsey, who was a young aide on Truman’s great campaign trains, remembers the hard work, the sleepless nights preparing speeches and organizing the regular presidential business that continued in spite of the campaigning. Once, when he took papers to Truman, who was dining with Bess, she looked up at Elsey and said, worried, “You look peaked. Have you had anything to eat?” No, admitted Elsey, who had been just too busy for food. “Here,” she said, pushing her piece of apple pie to him, “you can eat this, and I shouldn’t.” The Ferdinand Magellan with Harry Truman rolled on into history that night, fueled by apple pie.

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GOODBYE 1929: The Death of the Roaring Twenties. HELLO 2009: The beginning of the second great recession a.k.a. “depression”…? History does repeat itself.

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Pictured here are seven sections of the California Limited ready to depart from Los Angeles for Chicago in 1929. 

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A “section” meant an extra train.  There were six extra all-Pullman trains leaving Southern California — a total of seven trains, with over a 1000 passengers, and nearly 100 pullman, dining and observation cars.

GOODBYE 1929: The Death of the Roaring Twenties. HELLO 2009: The beginning of the second great recession a.k.a. “depression”…?   History does repeat itself.

Where were you when the market crashed last October?

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A Pullman porter makes up a berth (the lower of a sleeping car section) in the 1920s. 

In 1929, passengers were traveling all over America.  Over 100,000 passengers a night were accommodated by the Pullman Company in sleeping cars.   There were over 35 million revenue passengers in 1929 along.   For each passenger there were crisp linen, green curtains, a clothes hammock and a smiling white-jacketed porter.

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Santa Fe’s CALIFORNIA LIMITED heading for Los Angeles and Hollywood in the 1920s.

Many were aboard Santa Fe’s all-Pullman Deluxe CALIFORNIA LIMITED when the crash hit.  Passengers went from millionaires to paupers as the train headed across New Mexico and Kansas.

We all know that history repeats, but do we really believe that?  Time will tell.

A wonderful new youTube video on the 1929 Crash.  It looks like a “retro” version of the current crash.  Partying, the crash and then poverty.  Only the times have changed.

In 1929, many people were traveling aboard Santa Fe’s all Pullman train, the deluxe California Limited (eventually to be replaced as the deluxe train by the Chief and then the Super Chief in the 1930s), from Chicago to Los Angels when Wall Street Crashed.

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The dining car on the CALIFORNIA LIMITED. 

Waiters stand at attention in  the dining car.  The dining car steward is seen in the background.  All waiters aboard American trains were African-Americans.  Like Pullman porters they struggled with low salaries and management resistance toward unionization.  They relied heavily on tips and were the backbone of the African-American middle class.

californialimited0115.jpg The California Limited was one of the named passenger trains of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.

The All-Pullman train was a true “workhorse” of the railroad.

It was assigned train Nos. 3 & 4, and its route ran from Chicago, Illinois to Los Angeles, California.

Operating seven sections of the Limited was common, and during peak travel periods as many as 23 westbound and 22 eastbound sections departed in a single day.

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Lounge Car – With the dining car steward supervising waiters who were serving passengers tea and cake.  There was no liquor served aboard the trains during the 1920s.  Prohibition was the law.  But bootlegged booze was common.  

The line was conceived by company president Allen Manvel as a means to “…signify completion of the basic [Santa Fe] system…”

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When “Deluxe” was Deluxe.

Manvel felt he could attract business and enhance the prestige of the railroad by establishing daily, first-class service from Chicago to the West Coast.

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All single room Pullman Car.

The California Limited, billed as the “Finest Train West of Chicago,” made its first run on November 27, 1892, with five separate trainsets making continuous round trips on a 2½-day schedule (each way).

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Publicity shot of a single room.  Waiting for a sophisticated lady passenger.

The California Limited was the first of Santa Fe’s name trains to feature Fred Harvey Company meal service en route. The later trains also offered all of the amenities of the day including air conditioning, an onboard barber, beautician, steam-operated clothing press, even a shower-bath.

200px-atsf_california_limited_combined.pngThe Limited was also the first train in the Santa Fe system to have its observation cars fitted with illuminated “drumheads,” which bore the train’s name juxtaposed over the company’s logo.

The California Limited was permanently removed from service on June 15, 1954, giving it the distinction of having had the longest tenure of any train making the Chicago-Los Angeles run within the Santa Fe system.

californialid0144.jpgThe Pullman Company, founded by George M. Pullman, provided nearly all the overnight sleeping accommodations aboard American trains.  They were the largest employer of Africa-Americans who were porters, maids and buffet car attendants on the deluxe Pullman limited trains.  At one time they numbered over 8,000.

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PULLMAN CAR HISTORY: DID PRESIDENT-ELECT BARACK OBAMA’S WHISTLE STOP TRIAN TOUR BY PRIVATE PULLMAN CAR “GEORGIA 300″ AND PRO-AMTRAK POSITION HELP HIM WIN THE PRESIDENCY?

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President-elect Barack Obama aboard the chartered private Pullman GEORGIA 300 for his whistle-stop tour. 

President-elect Barack Obama is a big supporter of Amtrak and conducted an old fashioned whistle stop tour during his campaign aboard the private car GEORGIA 300.  John McCain, who has been adamantly opposed to Amtrak, didn’t carry on this traditional American political tradition.  Did this policy jinx McCain with thousands of rail fans and contribute to his defeat?

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The private car GEORGIA 300 carried Obama on his whistle-stop tour.  

Georgia 300 – Built by Pullman Standard in 1930, as a 10-section lounge car for the Southern Railway and named General Polk. The car operated on the Crescent between New and New Orleans. Purchased by the Georgia Railroad in 1949, the car was rebuilt to the office car configuration it has today and given the number 300. The Georgia 300 made regular trips to the Masters golf tournament and, occasionally, the Kentucky Derby, hosting Georgia governors and other dignitaries. Declared surplus with the merger of the Georgia Railroad and the Family Lines, the car was acquired by the current owner in 1985. It has been rebuilt and has hosted Presidents Carter, George H.W. Bush, and Clinton. The car is based in Orange Park, Florida, and is owned by Jack Heard.

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President Harry S. Truman on the observation platform – he’s holding a newspaper that said he had lost.  They were wrong. 

A whistle-stop tour is a style of political campaigning where the politician makes a series of brief appearances or speeches at a number of small towns over a short period of time.

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Many presidential candidates have used private cars for their whistle-stop tours. 

Whistle-stop tours are conducted from the open platform of a business car or a private railroad car.

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A restored private railway car used in political whistle-stop campaigns.

A private railroad car, private railway coach, private car or private varnish is a railroad passenger car which was either originally built or later converted for non-revenue[citation needed] service as a business car for private individuals. A private car was added to the make-up of a train, providing splendid upholstered privacy for its passengers. They were used by railroad officials and dignitaries as business cars, and wealthy individuals for travel and entertainment, especially in the United States. They are used by politicians in “whistle stop campaigns.”

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Dining Salon aboard the elegant private car Chapel Hill. 

In the late 19th century Gilded Age, wealthy individuals had finely appointed private cars custom-built to their specifications. Also, many cars built by Pullman, Budd, and other companies were originally used in revenue service as passenger cars and later converted for use as business and private cars. There are various configurations, but the cars generally have an observation platform, a full kitchen, dining room, state rooms, secretary’s room, an observation room, and often servant’s quarters. The railroad barons like Leland Stanford had their private cars. Abraham Lincoln disliked the ornate railroad car supplied for his service as president: he rode in it only in his coffin.

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A framed photograph of heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post as seen in the observation salon of private car Chapel Hill.  DeWitt Chapple, Jr. restored the car in 1971. Chapple retained the car’s number, but added the name Chapel Hill after his alma mater, the University of North Carolina, in Chapel Hill.  It has been chartered for whistle stop tours.

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The Chapel Hill was originally built in 1922 for Post Cereals Heiress, Marjorie Merriweather Post, and stock broker and investment banker E.F. Hutton.   Originally christened Hussar, the car was used for company business and personal travel between their principal residence in New York City; their Hispanic-Moresque winter estate, “Mar-a-lago”, in Palm Beach; and Camp Topridge, the couple’s summer retreat in the Adirondacks of upstate New York. It was also used extensively for entertainment, as Post was known as a lavish hostess.

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One of many restored private cars seen at the private car convention in August – Los Angeles. 

Private cars were in more common the the heyday of passenger rail service and during the pre-Amtrak era (before 1971). In modern times, some private cars have survived the decades and some are used for tour rides, leasing for private events, etc. Others are on static display. A small number of private cars (along with other types of passenger cars), have been upgraded to meet current Amtrak regulations, and may be chartered by their owners for private travel attached to Amtrak trains.

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Lucius Beebe (seated) and his life partner Charles M. Clegg aboard their private car.

Lucius Beebe and his life partner Charles M. Clegg owned two of the last private railroad cars, the Gold Coast and the Virginia City. Beebe’s Mansions on Rails: The Folklore of the Private Railway Car (Berkeley, CA: Howell-North) 1959, presented the first history of the private railroad car in the U.S.

Dedicated railroad buffs rescued the last of the private varnish cars from scrapping; the chartering of these formerly-private cars has become a sideline in the upscale travel industry, with its own niche magazine Private Varnish. Amtrak regulations require head-end power and train control wiring, though some cars generate their own power and can run on freight lines as well. Most restored private cars have been rebuilt to modern specifications.

Contact the Chapel Hill website if you’re interested in chartering a private car for your own whistle stop tour of the USA!

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